Wikipedia article of the day for August 29, 2026
Dualism is a family of views that posit a fundamental division into two separate principles or kinds. It typically emphasizes a sharp distinction between independent or antagonistic sides, but also includes theories in which the two sides are correlated or complementary. Dualism contrasts with monism, which rejects any fundamental division, and spans many domains. Mind–body dualism holds that mind and body are fundamentally different. Ethical dualism regards good and evil as antagonistic forces that govern human conduct and the cosmic order. Platonic dualism divides reality into timeless forms and mutable matter. Epistemological dualism posits an essential gap between the object of perception and the real object. Critics argue that dualism ignores continuities, creates pseudoproblems, or introduces evaluative biases. Dualism has its roots in antiquity as a key theme of various religious traditions, such as Zoroastrianism, Jainism, the yinyang school, Samkhya, Gnosticism, and Manichaeism.
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